Carbureted-air-gas apparatus for blowpipes



1,561,024 Z. O. RARRICK I' dARETED AIR GAS APPARATUS F011 11111011 PIPEsFiled July'zz. 1921 3 shuts-shut 1 WW, Eef/ze, FQ/NUJ www y,

' Nov. 10,1925u 1,561,024

' Z. o. RARRCK cmsunmn ma GAS APPARATUS FOR snow Pmzs Filed July 22,1521 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 2me/W' Zeri@ #Z/WWW@ Nov. l0 1925 1,561,024

z. o. RARRICK CARBURETBD AIR GAS APPARATUS FOR BLOW PIPES www? PatentedNov., 1.0, 1.925

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ZERNE O. .RARRICK, 0F TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSGNOR TO THE RANSOM @t RANDOLPHCOM- PANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATON OF OIIO.

CARBRETIED-AR-G LPPRAT'US FOB, BLOVVPIPES.

Application filed July 22, 1921.

T 0 all whom 'it fnzag/ concern.:

13e it known that I, ZnRNn O. Bannion, a citizen of the United States,and resident oit Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Carbureted-Air-GasApparatus for Blowpipes, of which the Jfollowing is a ull, clear,concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, Jforming part of this specification.

My invention relates to an apparatus that is especially adapted tosupply a combustible mixture of air and vaporized hydrocarbon to ablowpipe ot the type employed by dentists. rllhe apparatus et myinvention is particularly adapted Jfor use in all kinds of iinesoldering and for melting the various base and precious metals used indental restorations.

ln years past, gasoline blowpipes have been very popular with dentists,the flame from such a blowpipe being admirably suited to dentalpurposes. 1t has been found, however, that the carbureting device usedin connection with those styles of gasoline blcwpipe equipmentsheretofore used by dentists are incapable of successfully handling thecomparatively low grade gasoline now on the market.

lt is the principal purpose of my invention to provide a carburetor thatwill successi'ully handle the comparatively poor grades of gasoline nowavailable, and one that may be readily adjusted by the operator tosecure the best possible mixture at the blowpipe under all operatingconditions. Other objects of the inventionwill appear as the followingdetailed description proe gresses.

ln the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is atop plan view of a gasoline blowpipe appliance embodying my invention,

Figure 2 is a side elevational view thereof,

Figure 8 is a vertical section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken on the line 44 of Figure 3,

Figure 5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of' Figure 4,

Figure 6 is a section taken on the line 6-6 or Figure 4, r

Serial No. 486,687.

Figure 7 is a section taken on the line 747 of Figure 4, and

Figure 8 is a diagram in elevation which graphically illustrates thechanges in the functioning of the carburetor which result frommanipulation of the controlling handle.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

Referring irst to Figures 1 to 3 inclusive, at 10 I have illustrated atank adapted to contain a supply of gasoline or other liquidhydrocarbon. The supply of gasoline is renewed or replenished asrequired through a filling cup. 11, the opening through this filling cupbeing normally closed in any suitable manner, as, for instance, by athreaded plug 12.

The tank 10 is provided in the top thereof with an opening 18 andthreaded into this opening is a casting 14 which seats-upon a gasket 15.Threaded into the casting 14 are the nipples 16 and 17 whichrespectively constitute passages tor the intake of air and the outlet oicombustible mixture. The nipple 16 co-operates with one end of atlexible tube 18, the other end of this tube being connected with asource of air supply as, nfor instance, an ordinary toot bellows (notshown). Nipple 17 co-operates with one end of a flexible tube 19 whichleads to any suitable form of blowpipe (not shown).

Referring now to Figure 5, it will -be noted that air intake nipple 1Gcommuni- Cates with a bore 20, a bore 21 affords communication betweenbore 2O and'a bore 22, bore 22 being parallel -to and in the samehorizontal plane with the bore 20. The outer end of bore 21 is closed inany suitable manner, conveniently by the threaded plug 23. @ne end ofbore 22 communicates di rectly with combustible mixture outlet nipple.17, and the other end of said bore communicates .with the space withinan imperiorate cap 24 which is tightly threaded upon a boss 25projecting laterally from casting 14. A. second bore 26 is formed inboss 25 (Figure 4). Bore 26 lies below and is parallel with bore 22. Thebore 26 extends inwardly from cap' 24 and intersects a vertical bore 27The inner or lett hand end ot bore 26 (Figure 4) communicates with avertical bore 28. Bore28 communicates at its lower end With the spaceabove the liquid in the tank 10, and at its upper end communicates withthe bore 22 at a point adjacent the inner end of the combustible mixtureoutlet nipple l?.

Disposed inthe vertical bore 27 is a rotatable valve element 29 which isprovided kwith a longitudinal vertical bore $30. The upper end of bore30 terminates short of the upper end of the valve element7 and at itslower end communicates with the passage through a ytube "1. The upperend rof the tube 3l is threaded tightly into the lower end of the valveelement 29 (Figure l) and the lower end of said ltube lies near thebottom of tank 10,01', at any rate, terminates a considerable distancebelow the normal level of liquid fuel in tank lO.

Valve element 29 is provided Avith a transverse bore ail'ordiim` portsand 33 (Figures 4 and Port 32 is adapted to afford communication betweenbore 26 and the upper end of valve element bore 30, lt will be notedthat the outer surface of the `valve element is milled at the port B2 sothat the latter may communicate with the right hand portion of bore 26(Figure G) throughout a full 90 .degree movement of the valve erlement.Bore 33 is adapted to afford Communication between valve element bore 30andthe left hand portion of bore 26 (Figure when the valveelement is inthe position illustrated in Figures 4f to 6, and

i through ,the major portion, but not all, of

the full 9.0 degree movement of which the valve element capable. Valveelement 2S) is also provided with a transverse bore Sii which is adaptedto afford communication between the right and left hand portions of bore22 (Figures 4 and 5) during approximately 35 degrees of the total 90degrees of movement of whichthc valve element 2S) is capable.

I nov7 call attention to a port which is ilforinedV in valve element 2S)at a point slightly above the lower end thereof, it being` the pau-poseof this port to afford communication between valve element bore 30 and avertical channel 36 (Figures 3 and 7 The loiver end of this channelcommunicates directly With the space above the liquid hydrocarbon intank l0. Port affords coinmunication between bore 30 yand channel 36through Yapproximately 60 degrees of movement `of `the valve element 29.

Valve element 29 is provided with a reduced upper poi-tion 2 9aeifrtendingi` upwardly illlough ya bore 27 which is of less diameterthan bore 27 but coaxial therewith. The reduced upper end of the valveelement is pinned to 1.11 @19t/relies bundle 37, which S capable lofmovement through an angle of files-rees, ,determined by the stop pins 38and. 83... The eeefetne needle iS Yer@teably provided with a pointer 3?which co-opeu ates with suitable scale markings Si?. The ends of thescale are preferably `providetl with suitable indicia such as the .vordslied and Bine so that the operator may know in which direction tooperate the handle to effect any desired change in the character of theblowpipe flame.

lt will be noted that the boss 25 lies uithin a tubular iiangge 4-0`which of 2greater diameter than said boss but concentric there with.This arrangement affords an annular chamber between boss and flange 40,

`@ne end of the annular chamber communicates with the atmosphere. Theother end thereof communicates through a small horizontal bore il withthe upper end of a verti cal bore i2. rihe louer end of the verticalbore 472 conununicates directly with the space above the liquidhydrocarbon in tank 1 0. ylhe said annular chamber provided at its outerend with an annular' burner screen it?) -which is conveniently formed ofperforated metal. Screen e3 is clamped in position by cap 2%. ifdesired, an auxiliary or safety screen may be placed in the annularchamber as indicated at Lli.

lla-ving novv described the construction of the device of my invention,l shall proceed to explain the operation thereof.

Prior to usino` the devicey a suitable quantity of liquid hydrocarbonplaced in tank 10. A blowpipe is connected with conibustion mixtureoutlet nipple l? throuigl tube 19, and a suitable bellovvs is connectedwith air intake nipple lli through tube lt?. New let us i assume that atstarting; the operating` handle has been moved to the position whereinit lies against the stop pin 38. lt Will be understood thatthe drawingsillustrate the valve member in the position occupied thereby when theoperating hau/.ilo lies midway between the stop pins. .Tii h the handleagainst the slop pin 38. :air ci:Y teringthe carburetor through air:lutz-.ige nipple 'lo flows through bores 20. and .22 into cap 2li. itthis time valve element boro is out of stry with bore 22 and hus none ofthe incoming air can pass through said valve clement bore dei. Ports -land 35 are likewise closed at this time. The incoming air passes fromcap 2st into bore and thus through port 32 into valve element bore 30,and thus downwardly through tube 3l. The air escaping` from the loaverend of tube 3l bubbles up through the liquid hydrcoarbon and becomessaturated with thc more volatile constituents of the hydrocarbon. Themajor portion of the air and hydrocarbon vapor which collects in theupper portion of tank l() ilou's upwardly through bore 28 and thenpasse.; through combustible mixture outlet nipple i7 and flexible tube19 to the blowv pipe. A comparatively small portion the ccL-nbustiblelOl lli]

y1,561,024B B mixture collected in the upper portion of the tankV passesthrough bores 4t2 and Ll1 into the annular chamber around boss 25, andserves to sustain a iame at screen The vapor escaping through screen i3is preferably ignited as soon as sufficient combustible mixture has beencreated in the upper portion of tank 10 to sustain a flame at thescreen. The flame at screen a3 heats cap 21 to a high temperature withthe result that all air passing through the cap 2i is likewise heated toa comparatively high teniperature.

The air heated in cap 24; and subsequently discharged into the lower endof tank 10 causes effective volatilization of the liquid hydrocarbonthrough which it passes, with the result that a very rich hydrocarbonvapor is created in the top of tank 10. Unless the liquid hydrocarbonwhich happens to be in tank 10 has previously been deprived of nearlyall its volatile constituents, the operator will usually find that withthe operating handle against pin 38, the combustible mixture which issupplied to the blovvpipe is too rich to afford an efl'ective fiame atthe blowpipe.

To correct the blowpipe fiame, the operator moves the operating handlein a clockw wise direction (Figure 8). After the operating handle hasbeen moved through a very few degrees as just explained, the port 33begins to afford communication between bore 30 and the left hand end ofbore 26 (Figure l). Under this condition a portion of the heated airpassing into the bore escapes` directly into the bore 28 and becomes apart of the combustible mixture of hydrocarbon and air which is suppliedto the blovvpipe. The percentage of heated air which passes directly tothe blowpipe without passing through theliquid hydrocarbon is, ofcourse, governed by the disposition of bore 33 with respectv to the lefthand end (Figure 4.). of bore 26.

By moving the operating handle approxi mately 30 degrees away from thestop pin 38', the valve element 29 is brought to a position wherein thevalve element port 35 begins to permit a portion of the heated airflowing through bore 30 to escape from said bore and pass downwardlythrough channel 36 into the combustible vapor in the top of tank 10.

Then the operating handle is moved approximately 55 degrees away fromthe stop pin 38', the valve element bore 34 begins to come into registrywith the right and left hand portions (Figure 5) of bore 22, and beginsto permit a portion of the cold air entering through the air intakenipple 16 to pass directly from bore 22 into the combustible mixtureoutlet nipple 17 without passing through the heating cap 24C.

Shortly before the operating handle is moved into Contact with stop pin38,v the port moves entirely out of registry with the left hand portionof bore 26 (Figure fl), and thus prevents the escape of heated air frombore 30 at this point.

Generally speaking, when the operator discovers that his blowpipe flameis poor in quality, he manipulates the operating handle until he securessatisfactory results at the blowpipe. lIf the flame appears to be red orsmoky, he knows that the quality of his blowpipe flame will be improvedby vmoving the operating handle pointer away from the cRed end of thescale, and he also knows that if he secures at the blowpipe theimpoverished sort of flame which results from too lean a mixture, thatthe blowpipe flame may be improved by moving the operating handlepointer away from the Blue end of the scale.

The carbureting device of my invention has been found to operatesuccessfullyupon all grades of commercial gasoline and other suitablehydrocarbons that are available at the present time. By manipulating thecontrolling handle, the operator is enabled always to cause thecarburetor to function in the fashion which is bestsuited to theparticular grade of hydrocarbon with which he is working.

One very important and valuable advantage of the apparatus herein shownand described is the fact that the operator, by simple manipulation ofthe adjusting han# dle, may accurately and selectively regulatev thetemperature of the blow pipe flame. The advantages in this respect whichare af forded by my apparatus are believed to be without parallel in theprior art.

" It will, of course, be understood that the improvements of my presentinvention may readily be incorporated in a gasoline appli ance of thewell known Brophy type (U. S. Letters Patent 760,099, granted to R. C.Brophy, May 17, 1901i).` Such an adaptation of my present invention isillustrated in my prior Patent No.`1,447,571 issued March 6, 1923.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodiment'of my invention, it willbe understood that I in no way limit myself to the specific arrangementand construction of parts herein shown and described, but desire tocover all equivalent constructions fall-k ing within the terms orspiritof the append-` ed claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecureby Letters Patent is: p

1. A carbureted air gas apparatus for blowpipes comprising a stationaryreceptacle for liquid fuel, a passage through which uncarbureted air isintroduced into the liquid fuel below the level thereof, said passagecomprising two parallel portions,

llO

an annular chamberV around said parallel portions, means for conductinga portion of the carbureted air from above the level of liquid fueldirectly to said annular chamber to .sustain a flame which heats theparallel portions in said passage, and means for conducting `carburtedair gas from the top of said receptacle. A

2. In apparatus for producing a combustible carbureted air gas solely bybubbling air through a volatile hydrocarbon fuel, the combination of astationary receptacle adapted to receive an initial charge of gasolineor like hydrocarbon fuel, and to be thereafter closed to the admissionof fuel, a valve housing mounted on said receptacle, a conduit supplyingair under pressure 'to said valve housing, an air inlet passage in saidvalve housing for conducting said compressed air down into saidrelatively inert body of fuel for bubbling the compressed air up throughsaid fuel, a second air inlet passage in said valve housing forconducting said compressed air into the upper area of said receptacle, agas outlet passage in said valve housing adapted to be connected withthe point of use, a shunting air passage for admitting said compressedair to said gas outlet passage, a valve in said valve housingco-operating with said passages to control the supply of compressed airabove and below the top of said fuel, and to control the outlet of gasand the admission of compressed air thereto, land a burner passage insaid valve housing drawing directly from the upper partof saidreceptacle for supplying :a preheating flame heating a portion of saidvalve housing traversed by .one of said air passages.

3. A c arbureted air gas. apparatus for blowpipes, comprising areceptacle adapted to contain' a body of liquid fuel, said receptaclecomprising a head portion, an air tube depending from said head portioninto the body of liquid fuel for bubbling air up through said fuel, anair supply duct in said head portion, an air supply conduit connectingwith said air duct for supplying air under pressure thereto, apreheating duct in said head portion adapted to receive air from saidair supply duct and discharge the air to said air tube, a burner duct insaid head portion communicating with the upper area of said receptacle,said burner duct being adapted to sustain a preheating flame inproximity to said preheating duct, and an Outlet duct in said headportion for receiving the air gas formed in said receptacle forconducting the same to a blowpipe.

4. Carbure'ted air gas apparatus for blowpipes comprising a receptacleadapted to contain a bodyof liquid fuel, said receptacle comprising ahead portion, an air tube depending from said head portion below theliquid level said receptacle for bubbling air up through said liquidfuel, an airv supply duct in said head portion adapted to be connectedto a source of air supply, a preheating duct in a said head portioncommunicating with said air supply duct, a valve in said head portioncontrolling communication between said preheating duct and said airtube, a burner duct in said head portion for receiving the combustiblemixture from the upper part of said receptacle and for maintaining apreheating flame adjacent said preheating duct, and an outlet duct insaid head portion withdrawing the air gas from the upper portion of saidreceptacle and adapted to communicate with a gas supply conduit leadingto the blowpipe.

5. A carbureted air gas apparatus for blowpipes and the like comprisinga receptacle adapted to contain a body of liquid fuel, said receptaclecomprising a head portion, an air tube depending from said head portionbelow the liquid level in said receptacle for bubbling air up throughthe fuel, an air supply duct in said head portion, a preheating duct insaid head portion communicating with said air supply duct, a burner ductin said head portion adapted to be sppplied with combustible gas fromthe upper portion of said receptacle and for maintaining a preheatingflame adjacent said preheating duct, an outlet duct in said head portionfor drawing the air gas formed from the upper part of said receptacleand adapted for connection to a gas supply conduit, and valve means insaid head portion adapted to shunt a part of the heated air from` saidpreheating duct to said outlet duct.

6. Garbureted air gas apparatus for blowpipes and the like comprising areceptacle adapted to contain a body of liquid fuel, said receptaclecomprising a head portion, an air tube depending from said head portionbelow the liquid level in said receptacle for bubbling air up throughthe fuel, an air supply duct in said head portion, a preheating ductin'said head portion communicating wit-h said air supply duct, a burnerduct in said head portion drawing combustible gas from the upper portionof said receptacle for maintaining a preheating flame adjacent saidpreheating duct, and valve means in said head portion operativeselectively to direct the heated air from said preheating duct into saidair tube or into the upper portion of said receptacle above the liquidlevel.

7. Carbureted air gas apparatus for blowpipes and the like comprising areceptacle adapted to contain a body of liquid fuel, said receptaclecomprising a head portion, an air tube depending from said head portionbelow the liquid level in said receptacle for bubbling air up throughthe liquid fuel, an

air supply duet in said head portion, a preheating duct in said headportion communicating with said air supply duct, said air tube receivingthe heated air from said preheating duet, an outlet duct in said headportion for drawing the air gas foi-ined freni the upper part of saidreceptacle and adapted for Connection to a gas supply conduit, and valvemeans in said head portion operative to place the air supply duetConiinunieation with said outlet duet for directing relatively cold airinto said outlet duet instead of to said preheating duet.

8. Carbureted air gas apparatus for blowpipes and the like comprising areceptacle adapted to Contain a body of liquid fuel7 said rece ataelecoin rising a head Jortionl removably mounted in the upper end of saidreceptacle, a rotatable valve in said head portion, an air tubedepending from the lower end of said valve below the liquid level insaid receptacle for bubbling air up through the liquid fuel, an airsupply duet in said head portion adapted for connection to an air supplyconduit leading from a source of air under pressure7 a preheating ductin said head portion communicating with said air supply duct, a burnerduet in said head portion drawing combustible gas from the upper part ofsaid receptacle and for maintaining a preheating llame adjacent saidpreheating duct, a port in said valve controlling coininunicationbetween said preheating duet and said air tube, a second port in saidvalve for admitting preheated air to the upper part of said receptacleabove the liquid fuel level, an outlet duct in said head portion fordrawing Combustible gas from the upper portion of said receptacle andadapted for connection to a gas supply conduit leading to the blowpipeor other point of use, a third port in said valve for admittingpreheated air from said' preheated duet to said outlet duct, and afourth port in said valve for admitting relatively cold air suppliedthrough said air supply duet to said outlet duet instead of to saidpreheating duct.

9. Carbureted air gas apparatus for blowpipes' and the like, comprisinga receptacle adapted to contain a body of liquid fuel, an air tube insaid receptacle for discharging air therein below the liquid fuel level,any air supply duet associated with said receptacle, a preheating ductcommunicating therewith, a burner duet leading froin said receptacle fordrawing combustible gas therefrom for maintaining a flame in proximityto said preheating duct, a gas duet extending from the upperI part ofsaid receptacle, and a valve element (3o-operating with said preheatingduct to control the delivery of preheated air to said vreceptacle andhaving ineans cooperating with said outlet duct for controlling theadmission of hot or cold air thereto.

ln witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 28 day of June,1921.

ZERNE O. RABRICK.

